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Decision support systems are a class of computer-based information systems including knowledge based systems that support decision making activities.

Management Information Systems (MIS) is a general name for the academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures — collectively called information systems — to solve business problems. MIS are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.[1] Academically, the term is commonly used to refer to the group of information management methods tied to the automation or support of human decision making, e.g. Decision Support Systems, Expert systems, and Executive information systems.[1]

Point of sale or point of service (POS or PoS) can mean a retail shop, a checkout counter in a shop, or the location where a transaction occurs. More specifically, point of sale often refers to the hardware and software used for checkouts -- the equivalent of an electronic cash register. Point of sale systems are used in restaurants, hotels, stadiums, and casinos, as well as almost any type of retail establishment.

（一）组织的信息输入活动

信息输入——是组织为进行目标管理和环境应变决策而从外部广泛收集和处理信息的活动
DDS决策支援系统MIS战略信息系统POS销售数据系统

（二）组织的信息输出活动

公关宣传

公关宣传=public relation=PR；公共是公共关系的简称

广告宣传

POP(point of purchase)

企业标识系统宣传

Corporate Identity System=CIS

公共关系是社会组织与周围社会环境中的其它组织机构，团体以及公众的关系和联系

公共宣传是组织为了与其所处的社会环境建立和保持和谐关系而进行的各种宣传活动

广告是一种以付费形式利用各种媒体进行的大面积宣传活动，也是社会组织尤其是企业组织广泛采用的一种信息输出方式

CIS活动是指企业组织使用统一的象征性符号系统来塑造保持或者更新企业形象的活动，所采用的象征符号一般具有独特视觉图案。

企业标识的三要素：

企业理念与价值标识——行为规范标识——视觉或者听觉形象标识=COPYp108